The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment and Occupational Self-Efficacy on Work Engagement

Authors

  • Christine Winstinindah Sandroto Faculty of Economic and Business, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jendral Sudirman No.51, RT.5/RW.4, Karet Semanggi, Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12930
  • Athalia Anabel Alamsyah Faculty of Economic and Business, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jendral Sudirman No.51, RT.5/RW.4, Karet Semanggi, Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12930

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.17.2.115-128

Keywords:

organizational commitment, , occupational self-efficacy, millennial generation, work engagement

Abstract

The goal of this study is to determine the effect of occupational self-efficacy on work engagement in millennial-generation employees, with organizational commitment as a mediation variable. The population of this research includes members of the millennial generation working in Jabodetabek. The sample comprises 250 respondents; the sampling technique is non-random sampling using the convenience sampling technique. Data processing uses Macro Preacher & Hayes contained in SPSS verse 25, called PROCESS. The study results reveal that occupational self-efficacy has a significant effect on organizational commitment, and organizational commitment has a significant effect on work engagement. Occupational self-efficacy has a significant effect on work engagement, and organizational commitment mediates occupational self-efficacy and work engagement among millennial generation employees who work in Jabodetabek. The direct effect of occupational self-efficacy on work engagement is greater than the indirect effect.

References

Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18.

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta [Central Bureau of Statistics DKI Jakarta]. (2020). [online] Available from: https://jakarta.bps.go.id- [accessed 20 Sept 2020].

Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191.

Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41.

Bandura, A. (2009), “Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness”, in Locke E.A. (Ed.), Handbook of Principles of Organization Behavior, Blackwell, Oxford, (2), 179-200. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164047

Burić, I., & Macuka, I. (2018). Self-efficacy, emotions and work engagement among teachers: A two-wave cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(7), 1917-1933.

Burke, K. (2015). How to bridge the generation gap. Government Executive, 1.

Chaudhary, R., Rangnekar, S., & Barua, M. K. (2012). HRD climate, occupational self-efficacy and work engagement: A study from India. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 15(2), 86-105.

Chandler, N. (2015). Millennials, entrepreneurs and the Hungarian workplace of the

future. Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review, 46(11), 15-24.

Choi, S. L., Lim, Z. Y., & Tan, W. C. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between

leadership styles and affective organizational commitment. International Journal

of Management, Accounting & Economics, 3(10), 572-598.

Dagher, G. K., Chapa, O., & Junaid, N. (2015). The historical evolution of employee engagement and self-efficacy constructs: An empirical examination in a non-western country. Journal of Management History. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMH-05-2014-0116

Gallup. (2016). What Millennials Want From Work and Life. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236477/millennials-work-life.aspx

Garriott, P. O., Flores, L. Y., Prabhakar, B., Mazzotta, E. C., Liskov, A. C., and Shapiro, J. E. (2013). “Parental support and underrepresented students’ math/science interests: the mediating role of learning experiences”, Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4), 1-15.

Geldenhuys, M., Łaba, K., and Venter, C. M. (2014). Meaningful work, work engagement and organisational commitment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1), 1-10, 10.4102/sajip.v40i1.1098

Guarnaccia, C., Scrima, F., Civilleri, A., & Salerno, L. (2018). The role of occupational self-efficacy in mediating the effect of job insecurity on work engagement, satisfaction and general health. Current Psychology, 37, 488-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9525-0

Hammill, G. (2005). Mixing and managing four generations of employees. FDU Magazine online, 12(2), 5-15.

Hartman, R. L., and Barber, E. G. (2019).Women in the workforce: the effect of gender on occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and career aspirations. Gender in Management: An International Journal.

Hawkins, D. I., Mothersbaugh, D. L., and. Best, R. J. (2007). Consumer Behavior Building Marketing Strategy. New York., MacGraw Hill.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression–Based Approach (Series Editor’s Notes by Little, DT), The Guilford Press.

Hirschi, A. (2012). Callings and work engagement: moderated mediation model of work meaningfulness, occupational identity, and occupational self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(3), 479.

Horeczy, A., Lalani, A., Mendes, G., Miller, M., Samsa, L., & Scongack, T. (2012). Leadership Preferences of Generation Y. Littrell, RF, Yurtkoru, ES, Kepir Sinangil, H., Durmuş, B., Katrinli, A., Atabay, RG, Günay, G. & Güneri Çangarli, B.(2013). Explicit leader behaviour preferences: Turkish and cross-national sample comparisons. Journal of Management Development, 32(6), 606-628.

Hornbostel, B., Kumar, P., & Smith, R. (2011). My generation, employee engagement across four distrinct generation. For public release.

Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation. Vintage.

Jabodetabek, (2023). https://p2k.unkris.ac.id/en3/3073-2962/Jabodetabek_28136_p2k-unkris.html

Jahanbakhshian, P., Assadi, R., & Nejad, F. (2015). Providing a conceptual model on

organizational silence behavior based on organizational culture, organizational climate and organizational commitment components in service firms. Management and Administrative Sciences Review, 4(2), 438-448. Retrieved from http://oaji.net/articles/2015/352-1436005558.pdf

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724

Kupperschmidt, B. R. (2000). Multi-Generation Employees: Strategies for Effective Management. The Health Care Manager, 19, 65-76.

Lent, R. W., and Brown, S. D. (2013). Social cognitive model of career self-management: toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the lifespan, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(4), 557-568.

Liu, J., Cho, S. and Putra, E. D. (2017). The moderating effect of self-efficacy and gender on work engagement for restaurant employees in the United States, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1). 624-642.

Liu, E., and Huang, J. (2019). Occupational self-efficacy, organizational commitment, and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(8), 1-7.

Luszczynska, A., Gutiérrez-Doña, B. and Schwarzer, R. (2005). General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: evidence from five countries. International Journal of Psychology, 40(2). 80-89. doi: 10.1080/00207590444000041.

Luthans, F., Luthans B. C., & Luthans, K. W. (2015). Organizational behavior: an evidence based approach. 13 ed. Information Age Publishing, Inc.

Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior. Journal of Management, 33(3), 321-349.

Macey, W. H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Young, S. A. (2009). Employee engagement: Tools for analysis, practice, and competitive advantage. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444306538

Martin, C. A., and Tulgan, B. (2002). Managing the generation mix: from collision to collaboration. HRD Press.

McDonald, T., & Siegall, M. (1992). The effects of technological self-efficacy and job focus on job performance, attitudes, and withdrawal behaviors. The Journal of Psychology, 126(5), 465-475.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Sage publications.

Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551.

Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52.

Murphy, S.A. (2010). Leading a multi-generational workforce. Retrieved from: http://assets.aarp. org/www.aarp.org_/articles/money/employers/leading_multi-generational _workforce.pdf (accessed 22 April 2010).

Na-Nan, K., Kanthong, S., & Joungtrakul, J. (2021). An Empirical Study on the Model of Self-Efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Transmitted through Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in the Thai Automobile Parts Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(170), 4-19.

Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2017). Enhancing organizational commitment and employee performance through employee engagement: an empirical check. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(1), 98-114.

Park, I. J., & Jung, H. (2015). Relationships among future time perspective, career and organizational commitment, occupational self-efficacy, and turnover intention. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(9), 1547-1561.

Pethe, S., Chaudhary, S., & Dhar, U. (1999). Occupational self-efficacy scale and manual. Agra, India: National Psychological Corporation.

Rakhmah, D. N. (2021). Gen Z Dominan: Apa Maknanya bagi Pendidikan Kita. https://pskp.kemdikbud.go.id/produk/artikel/detail/3133/gen-z-dominan-apa-maknanya-bagi-pendidikan-kita. [accessed 28 Sept 2023].

Rigotti, T., Schyns, B., & Mohr, G. (2008). A short version of the occupational self-efficacy scale: Structural and construct validity across five countries. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 238-255.

Robbins, S.P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior, 17th ed, Pearson International Edition.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Test manual for the Utrecht work engagement scale. Unpublished manuscript, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, 3, 44-52. Retrieved from http://www.schaufeli.com

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale: Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 26(1), 64-100.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. In A. B. Bakker (Ed.) & M. P. Leiter, Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 10–24). Psychology Press.

Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2007). Reference Groups and Family Influences in Consumer Behaviour, 10th edition, Prentice Hall: London.

Schyns, B. & Collani, G. V. (2002). A new occupational self-efficacy scale and its relation to personality constructs and organizational variables. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11, 219-241.

Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach, 4th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Shah, R. (2017). Work Engagement Among Millennials. International Research Journal of Human Resources and Social Sciences, 4(1), 276-287.

Swarnalatha, C., and Prasanna, T. S. (2013). Employee engagement: the concept. International Journal of Management Research and Review, 3(12), 3872-3880.

van Gelderen, B. R., & Bik, L. W. (2016). Affective organizational commitment, work engagement and service performance among police officers. Policing, 39, 206–221.

Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 235–244.

Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B. and Fischbach, A. (2013), Work engagement among employees facing emotional demands: the role of personal resources. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12(2), 74-84.

Zemke R., Raines C., & Filipczak, B. (2000). Generations at work: Managing the clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers and Nexters in your workplace (2nd Ed). American Management Association, New York, NY

Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2).

Downloads

Submitted

06/19/2024

Accepted

10/09/2024

Published

10/30/2024

How to Cite

Sandroto, C. W., & Alamsyah, A. A. (2024). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment and Occupational Self-Efficacy on Work Engagement. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 17(2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.17.2.115-128

How to Cite

Sandroto, C. W., & Alamsyah, A. A. (2024). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment and Occupational Self-Efficacy on Work Engagement. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 17(2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.17.2.115-128