Authorship & Plagiarism

Authorship of articles should be limited to those who have contributed sufficiently to take public responsibility for the contents. These contributions include (a) conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, or both; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; (c) final approval of the version to be published; and (d) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work by ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Submission paper to IRJBS is interpreted by the journal to mean that all the listed authors have agreed with all of the contents of the articles. The corresponding (submitting) author is responsible for having ensured that this agreement has been reached, and for managing all communication between the journal and co-authors before and after publication.

Co-Authorship
All Co-Authors of papers should have made significant contributions to the work and share accountability for the results. Authorship and credit should be shared in proportion to the various parties' contributions. Authors should take responsibility and credit, including authorship credit, only for work they have actually performed or to which they have contributed. Other contributions should be cited in the manuscript's Acknowledgements or an endnote. Authors should normally list a student as the principal Co-Author on multiple-authored publications that substantially derive from the student's dissertation or thesis. Authors who analyze data from others should explicitly acknowledge the contribution of the initial researchers.

Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism
All work in the manuscript should be free of any plagiarism, falsification, fabrications, or omission of significant material. Every article submitted to IRJBS will be checked by Turnitin software. Articles with a plagiarism result exceeding 30% will be rejected promptly. The author is able to resubmit the article after he/she revises his/her work significantly. The editors will only process the article reaching below the 30% similarity limit.

Authors are expected to explicitly cite others' work and ideas, even if the work or ideas are not quoted verbatim or paraphrased. This standard applies whether the previous work is published, unpublished, or electronically available. Failure to properly cite the work of others may constitute plagiarism. Plagiarism in all forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Redundancy (or "self-plagiarism") is an unacceptable publishing behavior. Redundancy can occur in at least two ways: (1) Authors recycle portions of their previous writings by using identical or nearly identical sentences or paragraphs from earlier writings in subsequent research papers, without quotation or acknowledgment; or (2) Authors create multiple papers that are slight variations on each other, which are submitted for publication in different journals but without acknowledgment of the other papers.

Authors can and often do develop different aspects of an argument in more than one manuscript. However, manuscripts that differ primarily in appearance, but are presented as separate and distinct research without acknowledging other related work, constitute attempts (whether unintentional or deliberate) to deceive reviewers and readers by overinflating the intellectual contribution of the manuscript. Since publication decisions are influenced by the novelty and innovativeness of manuscripts, such deception is inappropriate and unethical. If exact sentences or paragraphs that appear in another work by the Author are included in the manuscript, the material must be put in quotation marks and appropriately cited. AJEFB reserves the right to evaluate issues of plagiarism and redundancy on a case-by-case basis.

The corresponding author has a responsibility to ensure that:

  1. The article is an original work and does not involve fraud, fabrication, or plagiarism.
  2. The article has not been published previously and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. If accepted by IRJBS, the article will not be submitted for publication to any other journal.
  3. The article contains no defamatory or unlawful statements and does not contain any materials that infringe upon individual privacy, proprietary rights, or any statutory copyright.
  4. They have written permission from owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources from where they were obtained.
  5. All authors have made significant contributions to the study including the conception and design of the article, the analysis of the data, and the writing of the manuscript.
  6. All authors have reviewed the manuscript, take responsibility for its content, and prove its publication.
  7. All authors are aware of and agree to the terms of this publishing agreement.
  8. Authors should check their manuscripts for possible breaches of copyright law (e.g., where permissions are needed for quotations, artwork, or tables taken from other publications) and secure the necessary permissions before submission (Copyright Law).